Extrusion Bioprinting of β-TCP Scaffolds: A Platform for Dental Pulp Stem Cell Osteogenesis

Zihe Wu

doi:10.54097/72nzx028

Authors

Zihe Wu

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54097/72nzx028

Keywords:

Extrusion-based 3D printing, β-TCP biostructure, DPSCs.

Abstract

Autologous bone grafting is a widely used method for the bone defect repair. However, there are still several clinical limitations, such as insufficient donor sites and the requirements for secondary surgery to harvest bone material. Allogeneic bone grafting may induce host immune rejection. Extrusion-based 3D printing has the capacity of precise manufacturing, controllable scaffold structures, providing highly customized repair solutions for bone tissue engineering and significantly advancing personalized medicine. Biomaterial scaffolds play a crucial supporting role in bone tissue engineering. For instance, β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) not only exhibits Oste inductive properties and excellent biocompatibility but also creates a suitable microenvironment for cell adhesion and osseointegration. Moreover, due to their multipotent differentiation potential, particularly their exceptional osteogenic differentiation capacity, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have worked as one of the most extensively studied cell sources. The integration of extrusion-based 3D printing with β-TCP scaffolds enables the behavior of DPSCs to be directed in a controlled manner, generating a multi-level synergistic enhancement effect during bone defect repair.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

[1] Miao Qiuju. Study on the Regulation of Macrophage Polarization by 3D-Printed Calcium Phosphate Bioactive Ceramic Scaffolds to Enhance Angiogenesis and Promote Bone Repair. South China University of Technology, 2022.

[2] CAO S, HAN J, SHARMA N, et al. In Vitro Mechanical and Biological Properties of 3D Printed Polymer Composite and β-Tricalcium Phosphate Scaffold on Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells. Materials, 2020, 13 (14): 3057.

[3] Jiao X, Sun X, Li W, et al. 3D-printed β-tricalcium phosphate scaffolds promote osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-deprived mesenchymal stem cells in an N6-methyladenosine-dependent manner. International Journal of Bioprinting, 2022, 8 (2): 544.

[4] Fahimipour F, Dashtimoghadam E, Rasoulianboroujeni M, et al. Collagenous matrix supported by a 3D-printed scaffold for osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp cells. Dental Materials, 2018, 34 (2): 209 - 220.

[5] CAO S, HAN J, SHARMA N, et al. In Vitro Mechanical and Biological Properties of 3D Printed Polymer Composite and β-Tricalcium Phosphate Scaffold on Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells. Materials, 2020, 13 (14): 3057.

[6] Beheshtizadeh N, Azami M, Abbasi H, et al. Applying an extrusion-based 3D printing technique accelerates fabricating complex biphasic calcium phosphate-based scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration. Journal of Advanced Research, 2022, 40: 69 - 94.

[7] Feng J, Liu J, Wang Y, et al. Beta-TCP scaffolds with rationally designed macro-micro hierarchical structure improved angio/osteo-genesis capability for bone regeneration. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 2023, 34 (7): 36.

[8] Timofticiuc I A, Călinescu O, Iftime A, et al. Biomaterials adapted to VAT photopolymerization in 3D printing: Characteristics and medical applications. Journal of functional biomaterials, 2023, 15 (1): 7.

[9] Siqueira L, Paula C G, Motisuke M, et al. Preparation, characterization and biological studies of Β-TCP and Β-TCP/Al2O3 Scaffolds obtained by gel-casting of foams. Materials Research, 2017, 20 (4): 973 - 983.

[10] Bruyas A, Lou F, Stahl A M, et al. Systematic characterization of 3D-printed PCL/β-TCP scaffolds for biomedical devices and bone tissue engineering: Influence of composition and porosity. Journal of materials research, 2018, 33 (14): 1948 - 1959.

[11] Kang Y, Scully A, Young D A, et al. Enhanced mechanical performance and biological evaluation of a PLGA coated β-TCP composite scaffold for load-bearing applications. European Polymer Journal, 2011, 47 (8): 1569 - 1577.

[12] Zhang H, Wang Y, Qiang H, et al. Exploring the frontiers: The potential and challenges of bioactive scaffolds in osteosarcoma treatment and bone regeneration. Materials Today Bio, 2024, 29: 101276.

[13] Lu H, Zhou Y, Ma Y, et al. Current application of beta-tricalcium phosphate in bone repair and its mechanism to regulate osteogenesis. Frontiers in Materials, 2021, 8: 698915.

[14] Zhou Dali, Yang Weizhong, Yin Guangfu, et al. Study on β-Tricalcium Phosphate/Poly-L-Lactic Acid Composite Bone Repair Materials with Rat Periosteal Osteoblasts. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2005, (01): 105 - 111.

[15] Chang W, Tu C, Chen T H, et al. The extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a critical modulator of skeletal development. Science signaling, 2008, 1 (35): ra1 - ra1.

[16] Sun X, Li Z, Wang X, et al. Inorganic phosphate as “Bioenergetic Messenger” triggers M2-type macrophage polarization. Advanced Science, 2024, 11 (13): 2306062.

[17] Liu Z, Dong L, Wang L, et al. Mediation of cellular osteogenic differentiation through daily stimulation time based on polypyrene planar electrodes. Scientific Reports, 2017, 7 (1): 17926.

[18] Migliorini E, Valat A, Picart C, et al. Tuning cellular responses to BMP-2 with material surfaces. Cytokine & growth factor reviews, 2016, 27: 43 - 54.

[19] Lin H, Zhang L, Zhang Q, et al. Mechanism and application of 3D-printed degradable bio ceramic scaffolds for bone repair. Biomaterials Science, 2023, 11 (21): 7034 - 7050.

[20] Liu J, Xiao Q, Xiao J, et al. Wnt/β-catenin signaling: function, biological mechanisms, and therapeutic opportunities. Signal transduction and targeted therapy, 2022, 7 (1): 3.

[21] Huang R L, Yuan Y, Tu J, et al. Opposing TNF-α/IL-1β-and BMP-2-activated MAPK signaling pathways converge on Runx2 to regulate BMP-2-induced osteoblastic differentiation. Cell death & disease, 2014, 5 (4): e1187 - e1187.

[22] Montelongo S A, Chiou G, Ong J L, et al. Development of bioinks for 3D printing microporous, sintered calcium phosphate scaffolds. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 2021, 32 (8): 94.