CD19 And CD22 Dual-Target CAR-T Therapy Via CRISPR/Cas9 Engineering for Relapsed B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Abstract

Relapsed/refractory(B-cell)acute lymphoblastic leukemia (R/R (B-ALL) remains the most recalcitrant hematologic malignancy owing to clonal divergence and therapy resistance, and also due to antigen escape, which is a very intransigent challenge. Though it was successful for many in achieving remission, CD19-directed CAR-T cell therapy can relapse due to loss or modulation of the antigen. Dual-targeted CAR-T targeting CD19 and CD22 is now an option to avoid escape and expand the tumor area that is covered. At the same time, CRISPR / Cas9 gene modification can give us another way to make CAR-T safer and get better results, as well as to raise its duration and scale. This paper includes up-to-date information about childhood B-ALL epidemiology and treatment, information about recent progress of CAR-T, and problems associated with the single antigen approach. It investigated the design principles for CD19/CD22 dual-target CARs, contrasted conventional gene transfer methods against the CRISPR variety, then provided a rundown of current-day-to-day research. Lastly, there are the strengths, limitations, and future directions of the combination of the double-target strategy and CRISPR in R-ALL. And these approaches take us on a map forward to a long-term, right, and achievable immunotherapeutic approach that a lot more people can have a whole bunch of things that they don't have a lot of cures for.