DNA Microarray Technology Principles and Applications in Genetic Research

Abstract

DNA microarray technology, a high-throughput gene analysis tool, has played a crucial role in genetic research. This paper explores the fundamental principles of DNA microarray technology, including its working mechanisms, sample preparation, and types of chips. It emphasizes the applications of DNA microarrays in detecting genetic variations and analyzing gene expression profiles, illustrating examples in single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis and genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The paper also discusses the technical details of high-throughput gene expression measurement and differential expression analysis. Additionally, it analyzes the main advantages of DNA microarray technology, such as high throughput and sensitivity, while also noting its limitations, including data interpretation complexity and technical costs. Finally, the paper looks forward to future development trends in DNA microarray technology, particularly its potential applications in personalized medicine.