A Study on the Geopolitical Risks and Countermeasures of Chinese Mining Enterprises' Expansion into Africa

Abstract

Mineral resource security is crucial to national security and energy transition. Africa, with its abundant reserves of key minerals, has become a strategic location in the global mineral supply chain. In recent years, Chinese mining companies have leveraged the Belt and Road Initiative to increase their investment in African mining, gaining a significant development advantage. However, influenced by internal and external factors, geopolitical risks continue to rise. This paper analyzes the three core risks faced by Chinese mining companies venturing into Africa: rising economic nationalism leading to policy tightening, political instability in Africa causing a deterioration in the investment environment, and intensified competition among major powers impacting cooperation. Based on practical cases, it proposes targeted countermeasures and suggestions from three dimensions: mitigating nationalist sentiments, responding to political changes, and enhancing competitive advantages, providing a reference for Chinese mining companies to avoid risks and achieve sustainable development.