A Study of the Wenzhou Approach to Full-Chain Intellectual Property Protection of Commercial Data: Based on the “3+1” Coordinated One-Stop Processing Model

Abstract

Commercial data protection has evolved beyond infringement prevention into a governance issue involving rights confirmation, compliant circulation, value realization, and legal remedies. Using Wenzhou and its “3+1” Coordinated One-Stop Processing Model as a case study, this article examines local efforts to build full-chain intellectual property protection for commercial data. Supported by the China (Wenzhou) Data Security Port, the model coordinates data property-rights, data intellectual-property, and data-asset registration with data-security compliance assessment. It establishes a framework linking front-end rights confirmation, midstream circulation and value creation, and back-end legal safeguards. Registration and compliance documentation improve data traceability and evidentiary capacity; product development, compliance review, pledge financing, and balance-sheet recognition facilitate value realization; and specialized adjudication, procuratorial work, arbitration, and notarization strengthen legal protection and remedies. The Wenzhou experience suggests that effective commercial-data protection depends less on the number of certificates or platforms than on coordination among rights confirmation, compliance, circulation, financing, and remedies. Key challenges remain, including uncertain legal effects of registration, inconsistent valuation and accounting standards, and limited evidentiary coordination and cross-regional mutual recognition. Further reforms should strengthen dynamic compliance review, rights-change mechanisms, data-asset valuation, and inter-institutional coordination to improve the model’s stability and replicability.