Comparison of the Effect of Unicondylar Knee Replacement and Total Knee Replacement

Abstract

To investigate the recent clinical efficacy of unicondylar replacement (unicom partmental knee arthroplasty (UKA)) versus total knee arthroplasty (total knee arthroplasty (TKA)) for the treatment of patients with osteoarthritis of the medial intercondylar compartment of the knee. METHODS: The elderly patients with medial knee unicompartmental interphalangeal osteoarthritis in the Department of Joint Surgery of the First People's Hospital of Jingzhou City during the period of December 2018 to December 2022 were selected and divided into the UKA group and the TKA group based on the randomized average method, and there were 40 cases in each of the two groups. Observations such as operation time, intraoperative bleeding, hospitalization time, time from the end of the operation to the first walk, and the incidence of postoperative complications were recorded for all patients; the Hospital for Special Surgery of the United States (HSS) scores, visual analog scoring method (VAS) scores, knee mobility (ROM), hemoglobin, and postoperative complications for the patients of the two groups were measured preoperatively and at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively, blood transfusion rate and indicators related to patient hospitalization time were compared. RESULTS: The operation time, total length of hospitalization, length of surgical incision, intraoperative bleeding, and postoperative drainage were less in the UKA group than in the TKA group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). the differences in preoperative HSS score, VAS score, ROM score, and hemoglobin were not statistically significant when comparing the patients in the two groups (P > 0.05). the differences in HSS score, VAS score, ROM score, and hemoglobin were not statistically significant in the patients of the two groups when the patients were followed-up at the final visit. score ROM score differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The research results showed that there was a statistically significant difference (P<0.05) in ROM scores between the UKA group and the TKA group; The UKA group had a better hemoglobin score compared to the TKA group; In terms of the incidence of complications, transfusion rate, and length of hospital stay, the UKA group was significantly lower than the TKA group. Nursing satisfaction in the UKA group reached 97.5%, significantly surpassing the 87.5% reported in the TKA group. This discrepancy was statistically significant (P < 0.05), indicating a notable difference in satisfaction levels between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The short-term efficacy of UKA for unicompartmental osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee in the elderly is better than that of TKA, and it can shorten the hospitalization time, reduce the trauma, reduce the blood transfusion, reduce the postoperative complications, and promote the rehabilitation.