A Review of Carnot Battery Technology
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54097/xzh50y23Keywords:
Carnot Battery, Brayton Cycle, Rankine Cycle, High TemperatureAbstract
As a key energy storage technology for addressing renewable energy integration and supporting the "dual-carbon" goals, Carnot Battery (Pumped Thermal Energy Storage, PTES) relies fundamentally on its heat and mass transfer efficiency for overall system performance and economic viability. This paper systematically reviews recent research progress in heat and mass transfer within Carnot Batteries, focusing on core areas such as system configuration optimization, selection of working fluids and thermal storage media, multi-scenario integration, and parameter optimization. Studies indicate that system performance can be significantly enhanced by introducing heat regeneration devices and optimizing cycle processes. For instance, a transcritical CO₂ cycle with regeneration achieved a comprehensive efficiency of 75.28%, while an integrated Heat Pump-ORC-Thermal Storage configuration exceeded 100% round-trip efficiency. Transcritical CO₂, R245fa, and mixed working fluids are preferred due to their superior thermodynamic properties. Rapeseed oil and phase change materials stand out for their cost-effectiveness and potential for increasing power density, respectively. Finally, current technical challenges are summarized, and future development prospects in integrated demonstration, material innovation, and multi-energy flow synergy are discussed, providing theoretical reference for the engineering application of this technology.
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