A Fully Mechanical Realization of PID Controller
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54097/hset.v9i.1861Keywords:
PID controller, Analog computer, Mechanical differentiator, Mechanical integrator，Mechanical PID realization.Abstract
PID controller is one of the most widely used control elements in the industry. Over history, people have implemented the PID controller mechanically with pneumatical components, electronically in circuits, or digitally using DSP. However, the pure mechanical realization of PID controllers is rarely studied. This paper presents an analog PID controller based on mechanical computation components, including a mechanical integrator, a mechanical differentiator, mechanical constant multipliers, and a mechanical adder. In this work, those parts are studied respectively with CAE modeling and mathematical derivation. A novel design of mechanical differentiator is also introduced to conduct the calculation of the differential part on the PID controller. This work explores the theoretical possibility of a new form of PID controller realization, that is, applying the method of mechanical analog computation to the implementation of a PID controller.
Downloads
References
S. Bennett, “The past of PID controllers,” Annu. Rev. Control, vol. 25, pp. 43–53, 2001, doi: 10.1016/S1367-5788(01)00005-0.
J. T. Stock, “Pneumatic process controllers: The ancestry of the proportional-integral-derivative controller,” Trans. Newcom. Soc., vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 3–13, 1987, doi: 10.1179/tns.1987.003.
S. Bennett, “Development of the PID controller,” IEEE Control Syst., vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 58–62, Dec. 1993, doi: 10.1109/37.248006.
C. Erdal, A. Toker, and C. Acar, “A Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) Controller Realization by Using Current Feedback Amplifiers (CFAs) and Calculating Optimum Parameter Tolerances,” Journal of Applied Sciences, vol. 1, no. 3. pp. 325–328, 2001. doi: 10.3923/jas.2001.325.328.
K. J. Åström and H. Steingrímsson, “Implementation of a PID Controller on a DSP,” 1990.
J. Thomson, “III. On an integrating machine having a new kinematic principle,” Proc. R. Soc. London, vol. 24, no. 164–170, pp. 262–265, 1876, doi: 10.1098/rspl.1875.0033.
P. S. W. Thomsom, “Mechanical Integration of the Linear Differntial Equations of the Second Order with Variable Coefficients,” in On Differential Equations of the Second Order, 1876, pp. 269–271.
V. Bush, “The differential analyzer. A new machine for solving differential equations,” J. Franklin Inst., vol. 212, no. 4, pp. 447–488, 1931, doi: 10.1016/S0016-0032(31)90616-9.
P. A. Holst, “Analog Computer,” in Encyclopedia of Computer Science, John Wiley and Sons Ltd., 2003, pp. 53–59. doi: 10.5555/1074100.
J. R. Ragazzini, R. H. Randall, and F. A. Russell, “Analysis of Problems in Dynamics by Electronic Circuits,” Proc. IRE, vol. 35, no. 5, pp. 444–452, May 1947, doi: 10.1109/JRPROC.1947.232616.
H. E. Criner, G. D. McCann, and C. E. Warren, “A New Device for the Solution of Transient-Vibration Problems by the Method of Electrical-Mechanical Analogy,” J. Appl. Mech., vol. 12, no. 3, pp. A135–A141, 1945, doi: 10.1115/1.4009454.
G. . D. . McCann, “The California Institute of Technology Electric Analog Computer,” Am. Math. Soc., vol. 3, no. 28, pp. 501–513, 1949, doi: 10.1126/science.54.1389.119.
J. E. Tomayko, “Helmut Hoelzer’s Fully Electronic Analog Computer,” Ann. Hist. Comput., vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 227–240, 1985, doi: 10.1109/MAHC.1985.10025.
B. K. H. Lundberg, “The History of Analog Computing,” IEEE Control Systems Magazine, no. June, pp. 22–28, 2005.
A. GOLDGAR, F. R. S. D. R. Hartree, and A. Porter, “Time-lag in a Control System,” Philos. Trans. R. Soc. LONDON, vol. 235, pp. 415–444, 1936, doi: 10.2307/j.ctt211qv60.7.
S. Bennett, “A Brief History of Automatic Control,” IEEE Control Syst., vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 17–25, 1996, doi: 10.1109/37.506394.
A. U. Keskin, “Design of a PID controller circuit employing CDBAs,” Int. J. Electr. Eng. Educ., vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 48–56, 2006, doi: 10.7227/IJEEE.43.1.5.
B. Rooholahi and P. L. Reddy, “Concept and application of PID control and implementation of continuous PID controller in Siemens PLCs,” Indian J. Sci. Technol., vol. 8, no. 35, 2015, doi: 10.17485/ijst/2015/v8i35/82262.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
