Progress of CRISPR Technology in Cancer Treatment
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54097/jeb0b074Keywords:
CRISPR technology, Cancer, CAR-T therapy, TCR-T therapy.Abstract
The CRISPR (Cluster of regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats) technology is the nowadays trend of genetic engineering. The simplicity of the system has made genetic engineering more applicable and convenient for bioengineers, in comparison to ZFNs and TALENs. It is now used in a wide range of aspect, by inserting, deleting, silencing, mutating the target gene. However, this technology still has drawbacks. Off-target affect, one of the most common shortcoming has made this technology often considered to be too risky to be put in actual treatment. CRISPR technology holds a great promising prospect in cancer treatment and immunotherapy through enhancing the direct or indirect inhibition of cancer growth. This article will provide an overview of the CRISPR system, its application in studying and screening of cancer cells, improving the efficacy and specificity of cancer immunotherapy, and possible future direction of cancer treatment, for example editing or modifying oncogene and drug resistant genes.
Downloads
References
Miller J, McLachlan A D, Klug A. Repetitive zinc‐binding domains in the protein transcription factor IIIA from Xenopus oocytes. The EMBO journal, 1985, 4(6): 1609-1614.
Pavletich N P, Pabo C O. Zinc finger-DNA recognition: crystal structure of a Zif268-DNA complex at 2.1 Å. Science, 1991, 252(5007): 809-817.
Klug A. The discovery of zinc fingers and their development for practical applications in gene regulation and genome manipulation. Quarterly reviews of biophysics, 2010, 43(1): 1-21.
Wright D A, Li T, Yang B, et al. TALEN-mediated genome editing: prospects and perspectives. Biochemical Journal, 2014, 462(1): 15-24.
Ishino Y, Shinagawa H, Makino K, et al. Nucleotide sequence of the iap gene, responsible for alkaline phosphatase isozyme conversion in Escherichia coli, and identification of the gene product. Journal of bacteriology, 1987, 169(12): 5429-5433.
Mojica F J M, Díez-Villaseñor C, García-Martínez J, et al. Intervening sequences of regularly spaced prokaryotic repeats derive from foreign genetic elements. Journal of molecular evolution, 2005, 60: 174-182.
Bolotin A, Quinquis B, Sorokin A, et al. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindrome repeats (CRISPRs) have spacers of extrachromosomal origin. Microbiology, 2005, 151(8): 2551-2561.
Pourcel C, Salvignol G, Vergnaud G. CRISPR elements in Yersinia pestis acquire new repeats by preferential uptake of bacteriophage DNA, and provide additional tools for evolutionary studies. Microbiology, 2005, 151(3): 653-663.
Marraffini L A, Sontheimer E J. CRISPR interference limits horizontal gene transfer in staphylococci by targeting DNA. science, 2008, 322(5909): 1843-1845.
Gasiunas G, Barrangou R, Horvath P, et al. Cas9–crRNA ribonucleoprotein complex mediates specific DNA cleavage for adaptive immunity in bacteria. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2012, 109(39): E2579-E2586.
Rahim J, Gulzar S, Zahid R, et al. Systematic review on the comparison of molecular gene editing tools. Int. J. Innov. Sci. Res. Tech, 2021, 6(8): 1-8.
Azangou-Khyavy M, Ghasemi M, Khanali J, et al. CRISPR/Cas: From tumor gene editing to T cell-based immunotherapy of cancer. Frontiers in Immunology, 2020, 11: 540501.
Makarova K S, Koonin E V. Annotation and classification of CRISPR-Cas systems. CRISPR: methods and protocols, 2015: 47-75.
Cameron P, Coons M M, Klompe S E, et al. Harnessing type I CRISPR–Cas systems for genome engineering in human cells. Nature biotechnology, 2019, 37(12): 1471-1477.
Tong B, Dong H, Cui Y, et al. The versatile type V CRISPR effectors and their application prospects. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology, 2021, 8: 622103.
Perčulija V, Lin J, Zhang B, et al. Functional Features and Current Applications of the RNA‐Targeting Type VI CRISPR‐Cas Systems. Advanced Science, 2021, 8(13): 2004685.
McGinn J, Marraffini L A. Molecular mechanisms of CRISPR–Cas spacer acquisition. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2019, 17(1): 7-12.
Toro N, Martínez-Abarca F, Mestre M R, et al. Multiple origins of reverse transcriptases linked to CRISPR-Cas systems. RNA biology, 2019, 16(10): 1486-1493.
Makarova K S, Haft D H, Barrangou R, et al. Evolution and classification of the CRISPR–Cas systems. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2011, 9(6): 467-477.
Niewoehner O, Jinek M, Doudna J A. Evolution of CRISPR RNA recognition and processing by Cas6 endonucleases. Nucleic acids research, 2013, 42(2): 1341-1353.
Charpentier E, Van Der Oost J, White M F. crRNA biogenesis[M]//CRISPR-Cas Systems: RNA-mediated Adaptive Immunity in Bacteria and Archaea. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012: 115-144.
Gasiunas G, Sinkunas T, Siksnys V. Molecular mechanisms of CRISPR-mediated microbial immunity. Cellular and molecular life sciences, 2014, 71: 449-465.
Kass I, Buckle A M, Borg N A. Understanding the structural dynamics of TCR-pMHC interactions. Trends in immunology, 2014, 35(12): 604-612.
Zhang J, Wang L. The emerging world of TCR-T cell trials against cancer: a systematic review. Technology in cancer research & treatment, 2019, 18: 1533033819831068.
Sterner R C, Sterner R M. CAR-T cell therapy: current limitations and potential strategies. Blood cancer journal, 2021, 11(4): 69.
Fonkoua L A K, Sirpilla O, Sakemura R, et al. CAR T cell therapy and the tumor microenvironment: Current challenges and opportunities. Molecular Therapy-Oncolytics, 2022, 25: 69-77.
Fonkoua L A K, Sirpilla O, Sakemura R, et al. CAR T cell therapy and the tumor microenvironment: Current challenges and opportunities. Molecular Therapy-Oncolytics, 2022, 25: 69-77.
Legut M, Dolton G, Mian A A, et al. CRISPR-mediated TCR replacement generates superior anticancer transgenic T cells. Blood, The Journal of the American Society of Hematology, 2018, 131(3): 311-322.
Yi Y, Chai X, Zheng L, et al. CRISPR-edited CART with GM-CSF knockout and auto secretion of IL6 and IL1 blockers in patients with hematologic malignancy. Cell discovery, 2021, 7(1): 27.
Philip B, Kokalaki E, Mekkaoui L, et al. A highly compact epitope-based marker/suicide gene for easier and safer T-cell therapy. Blood, The Journal of the American Society of Hematology, 2014, 124(8): 1277-1287.
Wiek C, Schmidt E M, Roellecke K, et al. Identification of amino acid determinants in CYP4B1 for optimal catalytic processing of 4-ipomeanol. Biochemical Journal, 2015, 465(1): 103-114.
Jain N, Zhao Z, Feucht J, et al. TET2 guards against unchecked BATF3-induced CAR T cell expansion. Nature, 2023, 615(7951): 315-322.
Ghoneim H E, Fan Y, Moustaki A, et al. De novo epigenetic programs inhibit PD-1 blockade-mediated T cell rejuvenation. Cell, 2017, 170(1): 142-157. e19.
Jinek M, Chylinski K, Fonfara I, et al. A programmable dual-RNA–guided DNA endonuclease in adaptive bacterial immunity. science, 2012, 337(6096): 816-821.
Larson M H, Gilbert L A, Wang X, et al. CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) for sequence-specific control of gene expression. Nature protocols, 2013, 8(11): 2180-2196.
Gilbert L A, Larson M H, Morsut L, et al. CRISPR-mediated modular RNA-guided regulation of transcription in eukaryotes. Cell, 2013, 154(2): 442-451.
Perez-Pinera P, Kocak D D, Vockley C M, et al. RNA-guided gene activation by CRISPR-Cas9–based transcription factors. Nature methods, 2013, 10(10): 973-976.
Brocken D J W, Tark-Dame M, Dame R T. dCas9: a versatile tool for epigenome editing. Current issues in molecular biology, 2018, 26(1): 15-32.
Abudayyeh O O, Gootenberg J S, Konermann S, et al. C2c2 is a single-component programmable RNA-guided RNA-targeting CRISPR effector. Science, 2016, 353(6299): aaf5573.
Gootenberg J S, Abudayyeh O O, Lee J W, et al. Nucleic acid detection with CRISPR-Cas13a/C2c2. Science, 2017, 356(6336): 438-442.
Kantor A, McClements M E, MacLaren R E. CRISPR-Cas9 DNA base-editing and prime-editing. International journal of molecular sciences, 2020, 21(17): 6240.
Pal M, Herold M J. CRISPR base editing applications for identifying cancer-driving mutations. Biochemical Society Transactions, 2021, 49(1): 269-280.
Shang W, Jiang Y, Boettcher M, et al. Genome-wide CRISPR screen identifies FAM49B as a key regulator of actin dynamics and T cell activation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2018, 115(17): E4051-E4060.
Veo B, Fosmire S, Wang D, et al. medu-13. functional crispr-cas9 screen identifies druggable dependencies in myc-driven medulloblastoma. Neuro-Oncology, 2019, 21(Suppl 2): ii105.
Shalem O, Sanjana N E, Hartenian E, et al. Genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screening in human cells. Science, 2014, 343(6166): 84-87.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
