The Recent progress and state-of-art detection scenarios for black holes and gravitational waves

Abstract

Gravitational waves, predicted by Einstein within the framework of general relativity, were discovered and confirmed by LIGO in 2015. Based on the detection of gravitational waves, black holes were also confirmed and recorded for the first time. In this article, we provide an overview of the mechanism of gravitational waves generated by black hole mergers, including basic formulae from general relativity, detection principles and approaches, and state-of-the-art equipment and detection results. In addition, we summarise the current limitations of what is known and make predictions for future directions. Gravitational waves are important because they contain information about their origin as well as about fundamental properties of gravity that cannot be detected by looking at the electromagnetic spectrum. These results shed light on guiding future research that focuses on exploring the nature of black holes.