Altered Time Perception in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54097/36pq5676Keywords:
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity Disorder, Time Perception, Executive Function, Neuroimaging, Cognitive TrainingAbstract
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized not only by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, but also by pronounced impairments in time perception and temporal processing. Increasing evidence suggests that deficits in time estimation, reproduction, and temporal control play a critical role in the everyday functional difficulties experienced by individuals with ADHD. This review aims to synthesize current findings on the cognitive, behavioral, and neurobiological mechanisms underlying altered time perception in ADHD. Drawing on evidence from behavioral experiments, neuroimaging studies, pharmacological research, and non-pharmacological interventions, this paper examines how dysfunctions in fronto-striatal circuits, cerebellar systems, and large-scale brain networks contribute to temporal processing abnormalities. In addition, the effects of stimulant and non-stimulant medications, as well as emerging interventions such as cognitive training and neurofeedback, are reviewed with respect to their influence on time perception. Understanding time perception deficits in ADHD provides important insights into the disorder’s core mechanisms and offers promising directions for targeted assessment and intervention strategies.
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