A Comparison of Electric Vehicle Industry Policies Between China and The United States

Abstract

Against the background of global vehicle market fluctuations, the annual sales of global electric vehicles continued to grow, showing a good development trend. In the global EV industry, China is the leader in the power battery supply chain, EV production, charger installation, etc. The U.S. is overall ranked third. After the background illustration and industry policy sorting, the paper illustrates the different top-level national EV industry strategy designs in China and the U.S., then compares the 2 countries’ policies from the dimensions of fiscal policies, R&D policies (focusing on battery development), and supporting infrastructure construction. The analysis shows that in the development of batteries and the construction of supporting infrastructure (charger), compared with China’s policies, the overall policy planning of the United States lacks coherence and central authority, and the development of its battery industry lacks the cooperation of enterprises under the leadership of the central government. The 2 countries have different preferences in fiscal and taxation policies, and the credit system represented by California Zero Emission Vehicle in the U.S. is more flexible and spontaneously guided than China's.