Planck Formula for Black-body Radiation: Derivation and Applications

Abstract

At the end of the 19th century, German physicist Victor Brooks first proposed black hole radiation. He found that objects emit electromagnetic waves when they are heated. Brooks found that the spectral density of electromagnetic waves is proportional to the temperature of the body, which is called blackbody radiation. The research of blackbody radiation began in the middle of the 19th century, studying radiator and radiation standards to meet the needs of industrial applications. The experimental results show that, especially by interpreting the spectral distribution of Planck's formula, many new physics and concepts have emerged, and many important material concepts, quantum mechanics, quantum theory of solid conductors, induction emission, quantum statistics, etc. have been developed. This study enriches thermodynamics and provides insights into the nature of light. The first aim of this paper is to derive the Planck’s Law using two different methods: one is by following the Planck’s derivation, while the other is by using Planck’s interpretation of his formula. The second aim of this paper is to use the Planck’s Law to derive Wien’s Law and Stefan’s Law.