The Potential of Therapeutic Vaccines and Antibodies against Parkinson's Disease

Abstract

Parkinson's disease is the second largest neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease. There are about 6.3 million Parkinson's patients worldwide. With the worldwide trend of population aging, increasingly elderly people will face the risk of suffering from Parkinson's disease. However, the existing drugs can only alleviate the symptoms to some extent and are often accompanied by drug resistance and serious side effects, so more effective treatment methods are needed. In recent years, scientists have realized the immense potential of immunotherapy for neurodegenerative diseases. More studies about vaccines and monoclonal antibodies for Parkinson's disease have been reported, and the results are worthy of discussion and consideration. This paper summarizes two preclinical studies on prophylactic vaccines and three clinical trials on monoclonal antibodies against Parkinson's disease, with a discussion about their advantages and disadvantages. Additionally, this paper summarizes the two main challenges of the application of immunotherapy in Parkinson's disease, which are how to reduce the adverse effects and how to ensure the macromolecules penetrate the blood-brain barrier.