Combined nanotechnology with monoclonal antibody drugs for cancer immunotherapy

Abstract

Cancer, a genetic disease characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and spread, remains a major global health challenge, with its complexity lying in the myriad ways it can manifest and resist treatment. It is marked by the accumulation of mutations that lead to genomic instability, contributing to its lethality and the difficulty in treatment. Epidemiologically, cancer constitutes a significant burden worldwide, being a leading cause of death. The International Agency for Research on Cancer projects a relentless increase in cancer incidence and mortality, underscoring the urgent need for more effective treatment modalities. Among the therapeutic strategies, immunotherapy, especially monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), has emerged as a revolutionary approach, exploiting the immune system's inherent ability to combat cancer. This review also elucidates the mechanisms through which mAbs target cancer cells. The core of the article highlights the innovative merger of mAbs with nanotechnology, showcasing how this combination aims to surmount the limitations of current therapies by improving drug delivery, reducing side effects, and enhancing treatment efficacy. By leveraging nanocarriers like gold and albumin nanoparticles, this integrated approach holds promise for more personalized, effective, and safer cancer treatments, marking a significant stride towards better patient outcomes in the ongoing battle against cancer. This review article provides an exploration into the evolving landscape of cancer treatment, focusing on the advancements in monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies and their synergistic integration with nanotechnology.