Retinol (Vitamin A) and Its Derivatives: Synthesis and Applications
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54097/fyk88356Keywords:
Retinol, derivatives, synthesis pathways, skincare applications.Abstract
This paper systematically reviews the synthesis methods of retinol (Vitamin A) and its derivatives, along with their applications in skincare and pharmaceuticals. By examining traditional chemical synthesis pathways such as the Roche, BASF, and Rhone-Poulenc routes, as well as modern biological synthesis pathways, the paper highlights the advantages and limitations of each method, particularly in terms of improving synthesis efficiency, reducing production costs, and minimizing environmental impact. The paper also analyzes the application of retinol derivatives in skincare, including their roles in anti-aging, skin barrier repair, skin whitening, and even tone. Additionally, the paper discusses methods to enhance the stability and bioactivity of retinol. Future directions include further innovation in synthesis techniques, the development of new derivatives, and new pharmaceutical applications of retinol. The paper concludes that retinol and its derivatives hold great promise in the beauty and health sectors, though further research is needed to overcome current challenges and promote wider application.
Downloads
References
[1] Vahlquist, A. (1982). Vitamin A in human skin: I. Detection and identification of retinoids in normal epidermis. The Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 79 (2), 89-93.
[2] Kiser, P., Golczak, M., & Palczewski, K. (2013). Chemistry of the Retinoid (Visual) Cycle. Chemical Reviews, 114, 194-232.
[3] Zasada, M., & Budzisz, E. (2019). Retinoids: active molecules influencing skin structure formation in cosmetic and dermatological treatments. Advances in Dermatology and Allergology/Postȩpy Dermatologii i Alergologii, 36, 392-397.
[4] Yee, M. M. F., Chin, K. Y., Ima-Nirwana, S., & Wong, S. K. (2021). Vitamin A and bone health: a review on current evidence. Molecules, 26(6), 1757.
[5] Parker, G. L., Smith, L. K., & Baxendale, I. R. (2016). Development of the industrial synthesis of vitamin A. Tetrahedron, 72(13), 1645-1652.
[6] Salom, E. (2019). Continuous flow systems for multicatalytic processes based on supported ionic liquids. 1.
[7] Khalifeh, R., Zarei, Z., & Rajabzadeh, M. (2020). Imidazolium-based ionic liquid immobilized on functionalized magnetic hydrotalcite (Fe3O4/HT-IM): as an efficient heterogeneous magnetic nanocatalyst for chemical fixation of carbon dioxide under green conditions. New Journal of Chemistry.
[8] Han, M., & Lee, P. (2021). Microbial production of bioactive retinoic acid using metabolically engineered Escherichia coli. Microorganisms, 9.
[9] Harada, H. (2021). Pathway engineering using Escherichia coli to produce commercialized carotenoids. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 1261, 191-199.
[10] Sorg, O., & Saurat, J. (2014). Topical retinoids in skin ageing: A focused update with reference to sun-induced epidermal vitamin A deficiency. Dermatology, 228, 314-325.
[11] Chivot, M. (2005). Retinoid therapy for acne. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 6, 13-19.
[12] Guaratini, T., Gianeti, M., & Campos, P. (2006). Stability of cosmetic formulations containing esters of vitamins E and A: chemical and physical aspects. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 327(1-2), 12-16.
[13] Bjerke, D., Li, R., Price, J., Dobson, R., Rodrigues, M., Tey, C., Vires, L., Adams, R., Sherrill, J., Styczynski, P., Goncalves, K., Maltman, V., Przyborski, S., & Oblong, J. (2020). The vitamin A ester retinyl propionate has a unique metabolic profile and higher retinoid-related bioactivity over retinol and retinyl palmitate in human skin models. Experimental Dermatology, 30, 226-236.
[14] Pavlík, V., Machalová, V., Čepa, M., Šínová, R., Šafránková, B., Kulhánek, J., Drmota, T., Kubala, L., Huerta-Ángeles, G., Velebný, V., & Nešporová, K. (2022). Retinoic acid grafted to hyaluronic acid activates retinoid gene expression and removes cholesterol from cellular membranes. Biomolecules, 12.
[15] Geiger, J. M., Hommel, L., Harms, M., et al. (1996). Oral 13-cis retinoic acid is superior to 9-cis retinoic acid in sebosuppression in human beings. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 34(3), 513-515.
[16] Tucker-Samaras, S., Zedayko, T., Cole, C., et al. (2009). A stabilized 0.1% retinol facial moisturizer improves the appearance of photodamaged skin in an eight-week, double-blind, vehicle-controlled study. Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, 8(10), 932-936.
[17] Zasada, M., & Budzisz, E. (2019). Retinoids: active molecules influencing skin structure formation in cosmetic and dermatological treatments. Advances in Dermatology and Allergology, 36(4), 392-397.
[18] Kafi, R., Kwak, H. S. R., Schumacher, W. E., et al. (2007). Improvement of naturally aged skin with Vitamin A (Retinol). Archives of Dermatology, 143(5), 606-612.
[19] Sato, K., Morita, M., Ichikawa, C., et al. (2008). Depigmenting mechanisms of all-trans retinoic acid and retinol on B16 melanoma cells. Bioscience Biotechnology & Biochemistry, 72(10), 2589-2597.
[20] Yan, J., Ren, G., Lai, M., et al. (2010). Stability and thermal degradation kinetics of vitamin A esters. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 31(9), 30-33.
[21] Carlotti, M. E., Rossatto, V., Gallarate, M. (2002). Vitamin A and vitamin A palmitate stability over time and under UVA and UVB radiation. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 240(1-2), 85-94.
[22] Konig, H., Lammerhirt, K., Paust, J., et al. (1974). Chemistry and galenics of tretinoin. Arzneimittel-Forschung, 24(8), 1184-1187.
[23] Zheng, J. (2015). Separation, purification, gene cloning, expression and application of Aspergillus oryzae lipase in the synthesis of vitamin A (PhD dissertation). Zhejiang University of Technology.
[24] Pierard-Franchimont, C., Castelli, D., Cromphaut, I. V., et al. (1998). Tensile properties and contours of aging facial skin: A controlled double-blind comparative study of the effects of retinol, melibiose-lactose and their association. Skin Research and Technology, 4, 237-243.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
