Fuel cell cars with hydrogen production, storage, costs, efficiency and production model in manufacturing

Abstract

Given the increasing global concern about climate change and environmental pollution, the development and application of clean energy have become particularly urgent. Hydrogen energy, with its high energy density and clean combustion characteristics, is widely regarded as the core of the future sustainable energy system. Although the wide application of hydrogen energy is constrained by life cycle cost and fuel safety. The primary elements influencing hydrogen's life cycle cost are its production, supply, market price, demand, storage, distribution, and cost of investment. The current hydrogen production, storage, and transportation technologies are summarized, including steam methane reorganization (SMR), wind and solar power generation, alkaline hydrolysis (AWE), high-pressure gas cylinders, low-temperature liquid hydrogen storage, ammonia compound hydrogen storage, methane compound hydrogen storage and hydrogen transportation. The article aims to provide a comprehensive perspective on the current situation and future development trends of hydrogen production and storage technology and provide suggestions for the sustainable progress of green hydrogen production and utilization.