The Risk Assessment and Its Application of Diet and Living Habits to Breast Cancer

Abstract

Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent cancer among women globally and remains a major public health concern. While genetic predispositions have been long recognized, recent studies increasingly emphasize the role of modifiable factors such as diet and lifestyle in influencing BC risk. Current research has shown that plant-based diets, rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, along with regular physical activity, significantly reduce the risk of developing BC. Conversely, diets high in red and processed meats, as well as sedentary lifestyles, are associated with increased cancer risk. However, there remains a gap in understanding the precise mechanisms through which these factors influence BC development, particularly in relation to hormonal regulation and inflammation. This paper analyzed key dietary components and lifestyle habits associated with BC, focusing on the protection role of plant-based diets and physical activity, as well as the risks posed by processed foods and obesity. The researches highlight the importance of maintaining a healthy weight and engaging in regular exercise to reduce BC risk and provides a reference for future studies exploring diet and lifestyle interventions for BC prevention. While it explains several protective and risk factors, the interaction of specific micronutrients and genetic factors is still disputed. Future research should focus on recommendations for personalised dietary and explore the influence by cultural and regional differences in BC prevention strategies.