Physical Energy Storage Technologies: Basic Principles, Parameters and Applications

Pengyu Wang; Xiaoran Yang; Qinghang Zhang

doi:10.54097/hset.v3i.695

Authors

Pengyu Wang
Xiaoran Yang
Qinghang Zhang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54097/hset.v3i.695

Keywords:

Physical energy storage, Compressed air energy storage, Pumped hydro energy storage, Flywheel energy storage system.

Abstract

Physical energy storage is a technology that uses physical methods to achieve energy storage with high research value. This paper focuses on three types of physical energy storage systems: pumped hydro energy storage (PHES), compressed air energy storage (CAES), and flywheel energy storage system (FESS), and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of each technology by collecting and evaluating the principles, components and technical parameters. In addition, this paper presents the practical applications of the technologies and finally provides an outlook on future developments. The results show that PHES technology is the most mature and has the advantages of high efficiency and long lifetime, but the current application is rather single and can be developed in the direction of variable speed/underground/seawater pumped storage in the future; CAES has larger energy capacity and longer service life, outstanding peak regulation capability, and can manage energy as well as provide power for vehicles, but its efficiency and energy density are low and need further optimization in the future; FESS has the advantages of short response time and power density, and minimal environmental effects, but currently it is mostly used for small-scale occasions and military purposes due to its small capacity, and its self-discharge rate is large, and it is being developed in the direction of increasing capacity and improving safety in the future. This paper aims to provide a systematic summary of the progress of physical energy storage technology, so as to provide information to support further research on physical energy storage.

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