High Obesity Risk in Northern China Due to High Salt Dietary Patterns
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54097/z2vqqc04Keywords:
High salt diet, obesity, ghrelin, fructose, initiatives.Abstract
This paper extensively examines the distinctive attributes of high salt diets prevalent in the northern China, along with the mechanisms through which excessive salt consumption contributes to obesity. High salt intake poses a significant issue in northern China, coinciding with a surge in obesity risk. The analysis underscores the geographical, cultural, and educational factors that contribute to the high salt dietary patterns among the northern population. The formation of this dietary pattern is attributed to geographical factors, the perpetuation of traditional eating habits, and limited educational awareness. Additionally, the study reveals that high salt consumption triggers the production of ghrelin, a hunger-inducing hormone, and stimulates endogenous fructose production, consequently intensifying appetite and fat accumulation. Moreover, salt addiction is investigated as a factor in the emergence of obesity. Given these findings, efforts to curb high salt intake and promote nutritional education are already underway in China. However, the paper suggests that greater emphasis should be placed on recognizing the intricate relationship between diet and health. In conclusion, the paper underscores the urgency of addressing high salt diets in northern China and advocating for salt restriction initiatives and enhanced nutritional education to counter the rising obesity risk linked to excessive salt consumption.
Downloads
References
Wu Yili, Duan Hiping, Tian xiaocao, et al. Genetics of obesity traits: A bivariate genome-wide association analysis. Frontiers in genetics, 2018, 9: 179.
Abolfazl Mohammadbeigi, Azadeh Asgarian, Robabeh Ahmadli, et al. Prevalence of junk food consumption, overweight/obesity and self-rated health and fitness in high school adolescent girls: a cross sectional study in a deprived area of Qom. Sri Lanka J Child Health, 2019, 48 (3): 208 - 14.
Li Jike, Wu Jiutao, Wang Jun, et al. Heart accused of salt and hypertension. Heart journal, 2016, 28 (6): 3.
Kassem Sharif, Howard Amital, Yehuda Shoenfeld. The role of dietary sodium in autoimmune diseases: The salty truth. Autoimmunity reviews, 2018, 17 (11): 1069 - 1073.
Zhou Long, Jeremiah Stamler, Queenie Chan, et al. Salt intake and prevalence of overweight/obesity in Japan, China, the United Kingdom, and the United States: the INTERMAP Study. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2019, 110 (1): 34 - 40.
Jiang Kexin, He Tingting, Ji Yongzhi, et al. The perspective of hypertension and salt intake in Chinese population. Frontiers in public health, 2023, 11: 1125608.
Wang Si1i, Xu Jianwei, Bai Yamin, et al. Research progress on effect of intervention measures for population salt reduction. China Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, 2020, 28 (6): 4.
Ma Zhimin, Hao Xiaoyan, Wang Dongyang, et al. Research progress on the characteristics and distribution of dietary patterns and their health relevance in China. Food Industry Science and Technology, 2023, 44 (10): 396 - 405.
Lv Shixiang, Zhang Hongyang, Lu Shuwen, et al. Survey and analysis of resident’s salt intake in part of Heilongjiang province. China Food and Nutrition, 2015, 21 (10): 2.
Tian Shuangli, Xin Peng, Wang Zibing, et al. Study on the connection between Added Sugar and Salt Intake and Blood Pressure Values of Tianjin Residents. Chinese Journal of Disease Control, 2017, 21 (10): 5.
Liang Lu, Zhao Xiaoyan. The Rising Power of Lu Cuisine. Catering World, 2015, 08 (307): 6+10 - 11.
Wang Hongtao, Zhang Bingyin, Zhao Xuming, et al. Study on salt intake and its correlation with blood pressure among residents in Jiaodong area of Shandong Province after salt reduction intervention. Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2020, 54 (10): 5.
Xi Nan, Li Haiwen, Wu Jing, et al. The interactive association between sodium intake, alcohol consumption and hypertension among elderly in northern China: a cross-sectional study. BMC geriatrics, 2021, 21 (1): 1 - 10.
Olfa Ben Braïek, Slim Smaoui. Chemistry, safety, and challenges of the use of organic acids and their derivative salts in meat preservation. Journal of Food Quality, 2021: 1 - 20.
Wan Jianzhong. The Formation of Chinese Cuisine. People's Weekly, 2016, 11: 1.
Zhang Yong, Li Fenxia, Liu Fuqiang, et al. Elevation of fasting ghrelin in healthy human subjects consuming a high-salt diet: a novel mechanism of obesity? Nutrients, 2016, 8 (6): 323.
Masayasu Kojima, Hiroshi Hosoda, Yukari Date, et al. Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach. Nature, 1999, 402 (6762): 656 - 660.
Yonas Akalu, Meseret Derbew Molla, Gashaw Dessie, et al. Physiological effect of ghrelin on body systems. International journal of endocrinology, 2020, 2020: 1385138.
Alexander Edwards, Alfonso Abizaid. Clarifying the ghrelin system’s ability to regulate feeding behaviours despite enigmatic spatial separation of the GHSR and its endogenous ligand. International journal of molecular sciences, 2017, 18 (4): 859.
Miguel A. Lanaspa, Masanari Kuwabara, Ana Andres-Hernando, et al. High salt intake causes leptin resistance and obesity in mice by stimulating endogenous fructose production and metabolism. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2018, 115(12): 3138-3143.
Miguel A. Lanaspa, Takuji Ishimoto, Nanxing Li, et al. Endogenous fructose production and metabolism in the liver contributes to the development of metabolic syndrome. Nature communications, 2013, 4 (1): 2434.
Natalia Rakova, Kento Kitada, Kathrin Lerchl, et al. Increased salt consumption induces body water conservation and decreases fluid intake. The Journal of clinical investigation, 2017, 127 (5): 1932 - 1943.
James A. Cocores, Mark S. Gold. The Salted Food Addiction Hypothesis may explain overeating and the obesity epidemic. Medical hypotheses, 2009, 73 (6): 892 - 899.
Shani Gendelis, Dorrit Inbar, Yonatan M. Kupchik. The role of the nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum in feeding and obesity. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 2021, 111: 110394.
Shao Shuai, Hua Yechu, Yang Ying, et al. Salt reduction in China: a state-of-the-art review. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, 2017, 10: 17 - 28.
Chen Juan, Tian Ye, Liao Yixing, et al. Salt-restriction-spoon improved the salt intake among residents in China. PloS one, 2013, 8 (11): e78963.
Pang Yuqi, Zhang Xin, Chen Xiaoping. Research Progress on the Hazards of Unreasonable Dietary Salt Intake and Salt Reduction Strategies. Advances in Cardiovascular Disease, 2021, 42 (08): 681 - 685.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.







