Current Pathogenesis and Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54097/5jmt5s94Keywords:
Autoimmune diseases; immunology; pathogenesis; treatment.Abstract
Nowadays, autoimmune diseases(AD) still torment many people and they always suffer from severe symptoms and complications. However, the pathogenesis of AD is still unclear and needs more research. Also, there are shortages of treatments which can totally cure AD. This research mainly focuses on current findings of possible pathogenesis and treatments for AD by discussing and analyzing two of most famous AD: rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This essay discusses pathogenesis of RA and SLE from three aspects: genes, immune systems and environmental factors, and then concludes current medications and therapies as well as their drawbacks. This study finds that susceptible genes, abnormal immune responses and environmental stimulation can synergistically lead to autoimmune diseases, and existing treatments are mainly composed of symptomatic treatments and modifying treatments. But each medication has its inevitable side effects. Furthermore, more research should focus on systematic treatments with fewer drawbacks in order to truly cure AD.
Downloads
References
You R, He X, Zeng Z, Zhan Y, Xiao Y, Xiao R. Pyroptosis and Its Role in Autoimmune Disease: A Potential Therapeutic Target. Front Immunol. 2022 May 25; 13:841732.
Barber MRW, Drenkard C, Falasinnu T, Hoi A, Mak A, Kow NY, Svenungsson E, Peterson J, Clarke AE, Ramsey-Goldman R. Global epidemiology of systemic lupus erythematosus. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2021 Sep;17(9):515-532
Alunno, Alessia; Gerli, Roberto; Giacomelli, Roberto; Carubbi, Francesco. Clinical, Epidemiological, and Histopathological Features of Respiratory Involvement in Rheumatoid Arthritis. BioMed Research International. 2017
Lisnevskaia, Larissa; Murphy, Grainne; Isenberg, David. Systemic lupus erythematosus. The Lancet. 2014-11, 384 (9957): 1878–1888.
D.van der Woude, J.J. Houwing-Duistermaat, R.E. Toes, T.W.Thomson, J. Worthington, et al.
Radu, A.-F.; Bungau, S.G. Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Overview. Cells 2021, 10, 2857.
Kadura S, Raghu G. Rheumatoid arthritis-interstitial lung disease: manifestations and current concepts in pathogenesis and management. Eur Respir Rev. 2021 Jun 23;30(160):210011.
Mok CC, Lau CS. Pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. J Clin Pathol. 2003 Jul;56(7):481-90.
Arbitman L, Furie R, Vashistha H. B cell-targeted therapies in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Autoimmun. 2022 Oct; 132:102873.
Richeldi L, et al. Design of the INPULSISTM Trials: Two phase 3 trials of nintedanib in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Med 2014 Jul; 108 (7):1023-30
Kuhn A, Bonsmann G, Anders HJ, Herzer P, Tenbrock K, Schneider M. The Diagnosis and Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2015 Jun 19;112(25):423-32
Guillermo Ruiz-Irastorza, George Bertsias, Treating systemic lupus erythematosus in the 21st century: new drugs and new perspectives on old drugs, Rheumatology, Volume 59, Issue Supplement_5, December 2020, Pages v69–v81.
Bertsias G, Ioannidis JP, Boletis J, et al. EULAR recommendations for the management of systemic lupus erythematosus. Report of a Task Force of the EULAR Standing Committee for International Clinical Studies Including Therapeutics. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008; 67:195–205.
Huybrechts KF, Bateman BT, Zhu Y, Straub L, Mogun H, Kim SC, Desai RJ, Hernandez-Diaz S. Hydroxychloroquine early in pregnancy and risk of birth defects. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2021 Mar;224(3): 290.e1-290.e22.
Tselios K, Deeb M, Gladman DD et al. Antimalarial-induced cardiomyopathy: a systematic review of the literature. Lupus 2018; 27:591–9.
Petri M. Pregnancy and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2020 Apr; 64:24-30.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
