Pharmacological Effects and Related Mechanisms of Ganoderma Lucidum Polysaccharides at the Cellular Level
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54097/vd1ry878Keywords:
Ganoderma lucida; Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide; Pharmacological effect; Anti-tumor; anti-oxidation; anti-aging; hypoglycemic; immune regulation.Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides are the primary active constituents of Ganoderma lucidum. Existing researches indicate that they possess multiple pharmacological effects and benefits, including anti-tumor, antioxidant, anti-aging, hypoglycemic, and immune-modulating properties. Studies on the cellular impact of Ganoderma polysaccharides have predominantly focused on various cell types, including malignant tumor cells, immune cells, cardiac myocytes, neurons, hepatocytes, and fibroblasts. In this paper, we review and summarize recent literature primarily related to these pharmacological effects at the cellular level and their underlying mechanisms. Our aim is to provide insights and references for the deep clinical development and utilization of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides.
Downloads
References
Pan H, Wang Y, Na K, et al. Autophagic flux disruption contributes to Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide-induced apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells via MAPK/ERK activation [J]. Cell Death Dis, 2019, 10(6): 456.
Bai J H, Xu J, Zhao J, et al. Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharide Enzymatic Hydrolysate Suppresses the Growth of Human Colon Cancer Cells via Inducing Apoptosis [J]. Cell Transplant, 2020, 29:963689720931435.
Yang G, Yang L, Zhuang Y, et al. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide exerts anti-tumor activity via MAPK pathways in HL-60 acute leukemia cells [J]. J Recept Signal Transduct Res, 2016, 36(1):6-13.
Shen Rui, Xu Jing, Wang Lei, et al. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide regulates PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to inhibit malignant phenotype of hepatocellular carcinoma cells [J]. Chinese Journal of Experimental Formulae, 2023, 29(06): 88-94.
Song M, Li ZH, Gu HS, Tang RY, Zhang R, Zhu YL, Liu JL, Zhang JJ, Wang LY. Ganoderma lucidum Spore Polysaccharide Inhibits the Growth of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by Altering Macrophage Polarity and Induction of Apoptosis. J Immunol Res. 2021 Mar 5; 2021:6696606.
Li Zhiqiang, He Yuxia. Effect of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide on proliferation and apoptosis of human lung cancer A549 cells [J]. Modern Food Science and Technology, 2021, 37(05): 38-42. (in Chinese)
Jin H, Song C, Zhao Z, et al. Ganoderma Lucidum Polysaccharide, an Extract from Ganoderma Lucidum, Exerts Suppressive Effect on Cervical Cancer Cell Malignancy through Mitigating Epithelial-Mesenchymal and JAK/STAT5 Signaling Pathway [J]. Pharmacology, 2020, 105(7-8): 461-470.
De Camargo M R, Frazon T F, Inacio K K, et al. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides inhibit in vitro tumorigenesis, cancer stem cell properties and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in oral squamous cell carcinoma [J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 2022, 286: 114891.
Li G L, Tang J F, Tan W L, et al. The anti-hepatocellular carcinoma effects of polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum by regulating macrophage polarization via the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway [J]. Food Funct, 2023, 14(7): 3155-3168.
Liu G, Zhang J, Kan Q, et al. Extraction, Structural Characterization, and Immunomodulatory Activity of a High Molecular Weight Polysaccharide from Ganoderma lucidum [J]. Front Nutr, 2022, 9:846080.
Su L, Li D, Su J, et al. Polysaccharides of Sporoderm-Broken Spore of Ganoderma lucidum Modulate Adaptive Immune Function via Gut Microbiota Regulation [J]. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2021, 2021: 8842062.
Lin Y L, Shih C, Cheng P Y, et al. A Polysaccharide Purified from Ganoderma lucidum Acts as a Potent Mucosal Adjuvant That Promotes Protective Immunity Against the Lethal Challenge with Enterovirus A71 [J]. Front Immunol, 2020, 11:561758.
Xu Xiaoyan, Luo Xia, Song Yi, et al. Effect of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide on T lymphocyte tumor invasion by regulating ICAM-1 expression in endothelial cells [J]. Chinese Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2021, 46(19): 5072-5079.
Zhang C, Lu T, Wang G D, et al. Costunolide, an active sesquiterpene lactone, induced apoptosis via ROS-mediated ER stress and JNK pathway in human U2OS cells [J]. Biomed Pharmacother, 2016, 80: 253-259.
Song Zhiqiang, Qian Ye, Ding Xiang, et al. Study on structure identification and immune activity of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide [J]. Journal of Guizhou Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 2020, 38(06): 19-32.
Meng M, Yao J, Zhang Y, et al. Potential Anti-Rheumatoid Arthritis Activities and Mechanisms of Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharides [J]. Molecules, 2023, 28(6): 2483.
Ding X, Yu Q, Hou K, et al. Indirectly stimulation of DCs by Ganoderma atrum polysaccharide in intestinal-like Caco-2/DCs co-culture model based on RNA-seq [J]. Journal of Functional Foods, 2020, 67:103850.
Lin Y L, Liang Y C, Lee S S, et al. Polysaccharide purified from Ganoderma lucidum induced activation and maturation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells by the NF-kappaB and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways [J]. J Leukoc Biol, 2005, 78(2):533-543.
Wang C, Shi S, Chen Q, et al. Antitumor and Immunomodulatory Activities of Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharides in Glioma-Bearing Rats [J]. Integr Cancer Ther, 2018, 17(3): 674-683.
Wang H, Yu Q, Nie S P, et al. Polysaccharide purified from Ganoderma atrum induced activation and maturation of murine myeloid-derived dendritic cells [J]. Food Chem Toxicol, 2017, 108(Pt B): 478-485.
Yang X, Zhang R, Yao J, et al. Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharide Enhanced the Antitumor Effects of 5-Fluorouracil against Gastric Cancer through Its Upregulation of NKG2D/MICA [J]. International Journal of Polymer Science, 2019, 2019: 1-7.
Lai C Y, Hung J T, Lin H H, et al. Immunomodulatory and adjuvant activities of a polysaccharide extract of Ganoderma lucidum in vivo and in vitro [J]. Elsevier, 2010(31): 28.
Wu S Y, Ou C C, Lee M L, et al. Polysaccharide of Ganoderma lucidum Ameliorates Cachectic Myopathy Induced by the Combination Cisplatin plus Docetaxel in Mice [J]. Microbiol Spectr, 2023, 11(3): e0313022.
Xu F, Li X, Xiao X, et al. Effects of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity [J]. Biomed Pharmacother, 2017, 95: 504-512.
XU F, LI X, XIAO X, et al. Effect and mechanism of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide on myocardial injury induced by doxorubicin [J]. China Journal of Modern Medicine, 2021, 31(10): 29-34.
Xu Fan, Li Xiao, Li Qingshan, et al. Effect of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide on cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by anthracyclines [J]. Journal of Hebei Medicine, 2020, 26(11): 1826-1828.
Zhou H, Li D, Zhu P, et al. Melatonin suppresses platelet activation and function against cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury via PPARγ/FUNDC1/mitophagy pathways [J]. J Pineal Res, 2017, 63(4): e12438- e12481.
Zhen C, Wu X, Zhang J, et al. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides attenuates pressure-overload-induced pathological cardiac hypertrophy [J]. Front Pharmacol, 2023, 14: 1127123.
Xu Z H, Su X, Yang G, et al. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides protect against sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction by activating SIRT1 [J]. J Pharm Pharmacol, 2022, 74(1): 124-130.
Wang S Q, Li X J, Qiu H B, et al. Anti-epileptic effect of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides by inhibition of intracellular calcium accumulation and stimulation of expression of CaMKII α in epileptic hippocampal neurons [J]. PLoS One, 2014, 9(7): e102161.
Sun X Z, Liao Y, Li W, et al. Neuroprotective effects of ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides against oxidative stress-induced neuronal apoptosis [J]. Neural Regen Res, 2017, 12(6): 953-958.
Gokce EC, Kahveci R, Atanur OM, Gürer B, Aksoy N, Gokce A, Sargon MF, Cemil B, Erdogan B, Kahveci O. Neuroprotective effects of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides against traumatic spinal cord injury in rats. Injury. 2015 Nov;46(11):2146-55.
Cai Q, Li Y, Pei G. Polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum attenuate microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and modulate microglial phagocytosis and behavioural response [J]. J Neuroinflammation, 2017, 14(1):63.
Huang S, Mao J, Ding K, et al. Polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum Promote Cognitive Function and Neural Progenitor Proliferation in Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease [J]. Stem Cell Reports, 2017, 8(1): 84-94.
Liu YJ, Du JL, Cao LP, Jia R, Shen YJ, Zhao CY, Xu P, Yin GJ. Anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatocyte damage in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Int Immunopharmacol. 2015 Mar;25(1):112-20.
Chen C, Chen J, Wang Y, et al. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide inhibits HSC activation and liver fibrosis via targeting inflammation, apoptosis, cell cycle, and ECM-receptor interaction mediated by TGF-β/Smad signaling [J]. Phytomedicine, 2023, 110: 154626.
Shi X, Cheng W, Wang Q, et al. Exploring the Protective and Reparative Mechanisms of G. lucidum Polysaccharides Against H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress in Human Skin Fibroblasts [J]. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol, 2021, 14: 1481-1496.
Zeng Q, Zhou F, Lei L, et al. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides protect fibroblasts against UVB-induced photoaging [J]. Mol Med Rep, 2017, 15(1): 111-116.
Hu F, Yan Y, Wang C W, et al. Article Effect and Mechanism of Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharides on Human Fibroblasts and Skin Wound Healing in Mice [J]. Chin J Integr Med, 2019, 25(3): 203-209.
Zheng J, Yang B, Yu Y, et al. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides exert anti-hyperglycemic effect on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats through affecting β-cells [J]. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen, 2012, 15(7): 542-550.
Liang C J, Lee C W, Sung H C, et al. Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharides Reduce Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Interleukin-1 β Expression in Cultured Smooth Muscle Cells and in Thoracic Aortas in Mice [J]. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2014, 2014: 305149.
Wang S H, Liang C J, Weng Y W, et al. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides prevent platelet-derived growth factor-stimulated smooth muscle cell proliferation in vitro and neointimal hyperplasia in the endothelial-denuded artery in vivo [J]. J Cell Physiol, 2012, 227(8): 3063-3071.
Jiang L, Huang J, Lu J, et al. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide reduces melanogenesis by inhibiting the paracrine effects of keratinocytes and fibroblasts via IL-6/STAT3/FGF2 pathway [J]. J Cell Physiol, 2019, 234(12): 22799-22808.
Bu S, Zheng H, Yuan C, et al. Lingzhi or Reishi Medicinal Mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum (Agaricomycetes), Polysaccharides Suppressed Adipogenesis and Stimulated Lipolysis in HPA-v and 3T3-L1 Adipocytes [J]. Int J Med Mushrooms, 2020, 22(9):897-908.
Chen W Y, Yang W B, Wong C H, et al. Effect of Reishi polysaccharides on human stem/progenitor cells [J]. Bioorg Med Chem, 2010, 18(24): 8583-8591.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.







