Intergenerational Trauma Across Three Generations: The Dual Role of Grandparent-Grandchild Interaction in Context and Development

Yin Zhang

doi:10.54097/88ajg746

Authors

Yin Zhang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54097/88ajg746

Keywords:

Intergenerational Trauma, Grandparent-grandchild Interaction, Attachment, Co-regulation

Abstract

The long-term effects of intergenerational trauma on family functioning and offspring development are receiving increasing attention. This study aims to examine the dynamics of trauma transmission across three generations, with a focus on the interaction between maternal (G2) and paternal influence (G1), and the developmental outcomes of grandchildren (G3). The study used a systematic literature review that synthesized evidence from 11 empirical and theoretical studies that were screened based on their relevance to third-generation systems, cultural contexts, and developmental stages. The main findings revealed a tripartite mechanism: maternal trauma transmits risk through physiological and psychological pathways, while grandparents' involvement can serve as a protective buffer or additional stressor, depending on attachment, co-regulation, and role structure within the family system. Furthermore, the cultural ecology and the developmental stage of G3 further modulate these dynamics, highlighting the context-dependent nature of vulnerability and resilience. This review provides an integrated framework for understanding intergenerational trauma and highlights the importance of targeted interventions, family system support, and culturally sensitive approaches. Future research should focus on longitudinal design, cross-cultural comparison, and exploration of biological mechanisms to enhance the empirical rigor and practical application value of this field.

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References

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